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Investment analysts specialise in examining the performance of companies, market sectors and the economy. They then present their findings and recommendations to clients, giving them details about when to buy and sell their investments. Analysts' research must be accurate as even the smallest error can wipe thousands off an investment portfolio.

Investment analysts need a strong financial background, together with a detailed understanding of how the economy functions and of the impact that certain events can have on the value of a company. They tend to specialise in one sector, such as telecommunications, financial services, energy, retail or pharmaceuticals, and need to be aware of all the activities affecting their sector. These might include changes in market prices, changes in the value of currencies and company takeovers.

Using spreadsheets and sophisticated financial modelling tools, analysts try to forecast how prices in shares and bonds will move and pass this information on to clients.

Investment analysts usually work on the 'sell side' or the 'buy side' of the business. The 'sell side' involves advising stockbrokers on what to recommend to their clients in terms of buying and selling; the 'buy side' involves working for investment management companies, pension funds and insurance companies, helping them decide on how to generate the best return on their investments.

Entry level

Many leading investment firms recruit trainees straight from university, usually requiring a first or upper second class degree. Generally, companies hiring will accept any degree subject, although specialism in mathematics, politics or economics would be advantageous. Foreign languages are useful if you want to work abroad.

Some companies might ask you to track an imaginary portfolio over a period of time, and many would want you to take aptitude tests and make a presentation to a panel as part of their selection process. It also helps if you can demonstrate a solid understanding of the workings of the global economy.

Making the grade

Many employers give intensive on-the-job training for new entrants, giving you a complete business overview. This can last up to nine months, and you would train with a senior analyst or team of analysts. Most firms provide the training and pay for examinations, but expect to put in a lot of study time outside office hours.

You would probably sit the Chartered Financial Analyst exam, administered by the CFA Institute, or the Investment Management Certificate, administered by the UK Society of Investment Professionals.

As your career progresses, you would take further specialist qualifications. Promotion depends on performance - if you are successful, you could well be head hunted by a rival firm.