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Operational Researcher
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Operational researchers look at an organisation's operations and use mathematical or computer models, or other analytical approaches, to find better ways of doing them. The aim of operational research (OR) is to give those who make decisions a scientific basis to make their judgements.

By using techniques such as mathematical modelling to analyse complex situations, OR gives executives the power to make more effective decisions and build more productive systems based on more complete data, consideration of all available options, careful predictions of outcomes and estimates of risk, and the latest decision tools and techniques.

To achieve these results, OR professionals draw upon analytical technologies such as:

• Simulation - trying out approaches and testing ideas for improvement.
• Optimisation - narrowing down choices to the very best when there are virtually innumerable feasible options and comparing them is difficult.
• Probability and Statistics - measuring risk, mining data to find valuable connections and insights, testing conclusions, and making reliable forecasts.

The work involves a great deal of statistical analysis. Operational researchers also need to write reports and present recommendations to senior management.

Entry level

You would normally need a good honours degree (2:1 or higher) in a numerate subject, for example maths, computer science, economics, statistics, management science, business studies, physics, chemistry, engineering, or life and medical sciences. In some cases, other degree subjects (or a 2:2) may be acceptable, provided you have a good maths or statistics background to at least A level/H grade.

Some employers, particularly management consultancies, prefer applicants with postgraduate qualifications, such as a Masters in operational research or management science. A PhD may be required for university posts and for some senior management posts in government and industry.

For entry to a suitable degree course, you would usually need three A levels/four H grades in appropriate subjects, and five GCSEs/S grades (A-C/1-3), or the equivalent.

The Operational Research Society organises open days for undergraduates interested in OR as a career.

Making the grade

Graduates starting work in OR are likely to receive in-house training, and your employer may support part-time study for a science-based Masters degree. The Operational Research Society organises a wide range of training courses, seminars and conferences.

Recruitment to the Government Operational Research Service (GORS) takes place at regular intervals throughout the year. Knowledge of the analytical methods used in operational research and statistics is an advantage. Recruitment to the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) requires similar qualifications and experience.

As your career develops, you may decide to stay as an operational researcher and specialise in a particular business area, or you might move on to lead a team in an operational research department. This job is an excellent way to progress towards a career in general management. Many of today's senior managers started out in OR.

Personal qualities

As an operational researcher, you would need a high level of numeracy and the ability to absorb complex information, an analytical mind with excellent reasoning skills, an inventive approach to problem solving, and excellent written and presentation skills.

You must be able to explain technical issues clearly and concisely to non-experts.